1 缘起在一次实际项目中，优化lvs 只能承载量很低，实例需要对lvs和Linux内核参数进行优化。优化 2 为什么使用lvs+keepalived架构（1）LVS可以实现负载均衡，实例但是优化不能够进行健康检查。比如一个RS出现故障，实例LVS 仍然会把请求转发给故障的优化RS服务器，这样就会导致请求的实例无效性；keepalived 软件可以进行健康检查。 （2）使用keepalived能同时实现 LVS 的优化高可用性，解决 LVS 单点故障的实例问题。 3 lvs+keepalived部署3.1 部署图
注意： （1）lvs+keepalived至少需要2台服务器。优化 （2）需要一个VIP。香港云服务器实例 （3）RS服务器不能和LVS以及Keepalived复用。优化 4.2 lvs+keepalived部署（2台DS服务器）安装ipvs和keepalived yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y keepalived配置 注意： （1）keepalived是实例否需要争抢主IP，如果不需要，优化需要把state都修改为BACKUP，并配置nopreempt。 （2）persistence_timeout的作用是：在一定时间内使来自于同一个Client的所有TCP请求被负载到同一个RealServer上，查看ipvsadm -S -n 主节点 #主节点( MASTER )配置文件 cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP ! 主为master，不争抢模式改为BACKUP nopreempt !不争抢模式添加 interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.112.10 } } virtual_server 192.168.112.10 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR ! persistence_timeout 0 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.112.13 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.112.14 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.112.15 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } EOF 从节点 cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP nopreempt ! 不争抢模式添加 interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.112.10 } } virtual_server 192.168.112.10 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR ! persistence_timeout 0 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.112.13 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.112.14 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.112.15 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } EOF 内核参数 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 启动 systemctl enable keepalived systemctl start keepalived 4.3 真实服务器配置配置脚本 不需要在lvs+keepalived的服务器上配置，需要在所有的真实服务器上配置。注意vip必须与前面keepalived上的b2b供应网vip相同。 # vim lvs_dr_rs.sh SNS_VIP=192.168.112.10 /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions case "$1" in start) ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "RealServer Start OK" ;; stop) ifconfig lo:0 down route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce echo "RealServer Stoped" ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" exit 1 esac exit 0 执行生效 # 所有RS节点上分别执行脚本： chmod +x lvs_dr_rs.sh ./lvs_dr_rs.sh start 5 参数优化5.1 LVS参数增大ipvs模块hash table的大小 ipvs模块hash table默认值为2^12=4096，改为2^20=1048576。可以用ipvsadm -l命令查询当前hash table的大小。 IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 修改方法： 在/etc/modprobe.d/目录下添加文件ip_vs.conf，内容为： options ip_vs conn_tab_bits=20 重新加载ipvs模块。 IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=1048576) 修改 LVS 表中的 timeout ipvsadm --set 900 60 300 ipvsadm -ln --timeout Timeout (tcp tcpfin udp): 900 60 300 5.2 文件句柄及进程数* soft nofile 1024000 * hard nofile 1024000 * soft nproc 1024000 * hard nproc 1024000 5.3 内核参数fs.file-max = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.somaxconn = 65535 net.core.optmem_max = 81920 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 20 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 32768 131072 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 131072 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15 net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2 #modprobe ip_conntrack net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 1048576 net.nf_conntrack_max = 1048576 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 注意： net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1有坑，在nat环境下慎用。 越是大并发，越要注意net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets的值不能太大。 亿华云计算 | 
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